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Practical Analysis and Design for Client/Server and GUI Systems, by David Ruble
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This is a practical and witty guide to the core competencies client/server and GUI designers really need - and the analysis and design techniques that really work. The book lays the foundation for successful client/server and GUI analysis and design, presenting a universal methodology and practical techniques that all developers can use, regardless of the environment they work in. It helps analysts and users work together to define precisely measurable business objectives, explains event and information modeling in simple language, and shows in detail how to use models in successful design. It presents new guidance on client/server architectures, including hardware tiers, software layers, replication, and the pros and cons of fat clients vs. fat servers. The book also includes a detailed case study that builds on the techniques covered in this book to construct a real-world order entry and invoicing system. And don't miss "Dave's Top Ten Myths of Client/Server Development!" Critical reading for developers, analysts, project managers, senior IT managers, testers, information architects, GUI developers, and other software professionals responsible for the success of a client/server project.
- Sales Rank: #1619303 in Books
- Published on: 1997-07-06
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.30" w x 6.90" l, 1.89 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 542 pages
From the Back Cover
52175-7
Analysis and design techniques that work: a cogent, complete, and entertaining guide.
This is a practical and witty guide to the core competencies client/server and GUI designers really need—and the analysis and design techniques that really work.
Expert David Ruble introduces a project decision-making framework that helps analysts and users to work together to define measurable, business-focused objectives for new software systems. He brings unprecedented rigor to event modeling, showing how to systematically decompose business events from the conceptual level, all the way down to the mouse-clicks and keystrokes of event-driven applications.
Ruble shows how to choose prototyping techniques that deliver optimal results while allowing project managers to maintain close control. He also shows why written GUI design specifications are critical to effective construction, testing, and project management—and how they can be created quickly. The book includes sample specs that are proven to work and can serve as the basis for your own GUI design specifications.
Ruble offers lucid advice on client/server architectures, including hardware tiers, software layers, replication, and the pros and cons of fat clients versus fat servers. He also shows how mainframe developers can succeed in today's client/server and GUI-based environments, by blending their traditional software engineering competencies with newer techniques.
The book concludes with a start-to-finish case study that brings its techniques to life, through the analysis and design of a real-world order entry system.
Practical Analysis and Design for Client/Server and GUI Systems is essential reading for developers, analysts, project managers, senior IT executives, information architects, and any software professional responsible for the success of a client/server project.
About the Author
DAVID A. RUBLE is widely regarded as an expert in requirements analysis and system specification. A principal analyst and designer of many mission-critical client/server systems in both the public and private sectors, he has taught client/server and GUI software engineering techniques throughout the U.S. and abroad. Ruble is now a principal in Olympic Consulting Group, a system architecture and development firm located in Federal Way, Washington.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Client/server technology has dramatically changed the way we design and build information systems. In most businesses, the glory days of the single mainframe processor are gone. The one big box has been replaced or augmented by an integrated network of personal computers, communication networks, file servers and database servers. The popularity of the graphical user interface (GUI) has placed ever-increasing demands on information technology professionals to create applications that are complex, yet intuitive and easy to use.
Client/server systems knit together sectors of the business organization into a broad computing fabric that reaches far beyond the boundaries of traditional mainframe systems.
This book offers a practical guide to the core competencies required for analysis and design of today's client/server business information systems. In it, you will find analysis and design techniques which have been employed with success on many large-scale projects. Today's information environment is one of rapidly expanding complexity. Successful client/server project teams must master the design and creation of the graphical user interface, manage and maintain systems using object-oriented programming constructs, design databases capable of serving the needs of multiple business sites, and link geographically-distributed users together, both inside and outside of the enterprise. As if that isn't enough, the ever-expanding scope of today's information systems requires an even more savvy analytical understanding of the business and a well-coordinated partnership with the users and business management teams than in the past.
What is Practical Analysis and Design for Client/Server and GUI Systems?
The reason I call this “Practical Analysis and Design” is because I am an analyst and designer, myself. I don't want to wade through an academic dissertation offering mathematical proof for some hypothetical methodology, and I figure that you don't have the time either. We've got deadlines to meet. So I've included the key analytical techniques and design concepts that I have used to get client/server projects delivered in a timely and sensible manner.
These techniques can be employed using a variety of project-management philosophies, ranging from traditional waterfall to iterative spiral approaches. Some activities presented herein have definite predecessorÐsuccessor relationships while others can be conducted concurrently. This is simply the stuff that needs to be done to ensure adequate understanding of the business problem and provide reliable, traceable design specs to build and test a system.
As for the last part of the book's title, “for Client/Server and GUI Systems,” this book assumes your new systems will include at least one, perhaps many computers fulfilling the role of “server,” that your terminals or “clients” are likely to be personal computers with some type of graphical user interface, and that your database will probably be of the relational variety. The amount of object-orientation in your system will vary tremendously, depending on the capabilities of your target development languages. While the analysis and design techniques in this book are not limited to this environment, they are exceptionally well suited to this scenario.
What's this book about?
If this book weighed 100 pounds, about 60 pounds of it would be analysis and 40 pounds would be design. The analysis section starts with a chapter on project charters, which marks the beginning of the analytical process even though this activity is commonly referred to as the “planning” phase of a project. The activities of analyzing the business need are covered in the subsequent five chapters on context modeling, event modeling, information modeling, interface prototyping and resolving business issues. Then the book moves on to system design. The design chapters show how to consume the models created during the analysis phase for making architectural decisions, designing the database, and creating the interface and internal componentry.
That's a lot of stuff! What isn't in this book?
This book is about writing specifications for systems, not about writing code at the line level. There are plenty of programming and technical issues which are well beyond the scope of this work. Computer hardware is something that this book definitely not about. I won't be telling you how to wire up your network or which plug goes in which socket. I do not endeavor to endorse (or deride) any particular brand or type of hardware, language or development tool, and I can't possibly tell you whether to use version 1.342A versus version 2.417B. That kind of advice would be out of date before the ink was dry from the press.
Who needs to know all of this?
Developers, managers, business analysts, programmers . . . a lot of people need to know this stuff. Within these pages are the core competencies that form the foundation of successful software engineering. These techniques have evolved over the last three decades, along with the capabilities of the available technology and the maturity of our industry. Whether you are a traditional mainframe developer, an experienced client/server veteran with many projects under your belt, or a mouse-slinging “PC cowboy” riding the range of the GUI desktop frontier, you should be able to find something useful in this book. Today's information technology professional is becoming more and more specialized. Like the medical field, there is simply too much to learn to know it all. You can carve out a specialized career niche by picking just one or two techniques from this book and getting really good at them. Other readers may opt for a more generalized approach by mastering many of the techniques along with a variety of programming languages and technical skills.
How this book is organized
The first chapter reveals the secret for a successful client/server project. It takes the right people, sensible management, and a sound methodology. (Having a big sack of money doesn't hurt, either.) I discuss the skills required of a good analyst and the skills to look for in a designer. I offer my thoughts on the waterfall versus spiral methodology debate, and then move on to describe the key characteristics to look for in a good methodology. The chapter closes with a brief overview of the techniques covered in the rest of the book.
Chapters 2 through 7 detail the deliverables of planning and analysis. In Chapter 2, The Project Charter, I initiate the analytical process with a technique called the project decision-making framework, which is used to help the business members determine the true objectives of their new system. Chapter 3 covers The Context Model, a venerable yet important technique for exploring and defining system scope and external interfaces. The Event Model is the subject of Chapter 4. The event model defines the system's observable behavior in business terms, and documents the business policy and rules which comprise the process requirements. It is a crucial model which guides the development of the event-driven graphical user interface. The Information Model, covered in Chapter 5, creates an organizational map of the data that the system is required to remember. This is a vital technique for sound relational database design and object modeling. Chapter 6 shifts from building models to consing models. The Interface Prototype is our first foray into design. Prototyping can be used to validate models, design the interface, or even elicit requirements. Chapter 7 rounds out the analysis section with some suggestions on resolving business issues.
Chapters 8 through 12 address the design of a client/server system and graphical user interface. Chapter 8, on The Architecture Model, shows how to use the essential models from analysis to determine the most desirable (or least offensive), technical architecture for your system. Chapter 9 covers the basics of transforming an information model into a Relational Database Design. Chapter 10 introduces key Graphical User Interface Concepts. The written External Interface Design specification is the subject of Chapter 11. A written specification is a vital management tool for partitioning the development work among multiple programmers, and for devising adequate test plans. Chapter 12 is the final technical chapter, covering Internal Component Design, with an emphasis on object-oriented concepts.
In the final chapter, I present Dave's Top Ten Myths of Client/Server Development. This chapter is intended to help separate the fact from the fiction surrounding client/server development. Following the formal chapters, I have included a comprehensive case study which gives you an opportunity to exercise the techniques covered in this book for a fictitious business, rife with many of the same types of problems and issues that you find in real companies.
The philosophy of this book is simple. Building solid software applications requires rigor and discipline. No amount of arm-waving and fad-of-the-year hoopla can eradicate the need for getting into the gory details of the business problem. Techniques for analysis and design need to be sufficiently robust and expressive to articulate the business need and devise a solution, yet they must be practical enough to be practiced with everyday tools in a format that allows analysts and designers to work closely with their users.
By using the techniques in this book, you can build reliable systems which realize the goal of client/server, to exploit the power of micro, mini and mainframe computers by allocating them to their most propitious use. By doing this in an organized and rational manner, you will avoid the anarchy which is unleashed in less disciplined shops, and your efforts will yield information systems that are flexible enough to meet your business' needs while maintaining safe custody of the corporate data asset.
Questions or comments regarding this book can be addressed to the author at
www.ocgworld.com
Author's Note
Several conventions employed in this book are worthy of explanation. The English language lacks a word to express “he or she” in the singular. “They” denotes plural, and “he/she” is awkward. In the interest of readability, I have used the words he and him instead of he/she and him/her. You may take any instance of the word he or him in this book to describe either a male or female person, with the notable exception of my reference to General Eisenhower in Chapter 3, and various methodologists named throughout.
In information modeling, the term entity is formally differentiated from the term entity type. The entity type is the classification of the person, place, thing or abstract idea, and the entity is a member or instance of the classification. Customer represents the entity type. Bob's grocery store represents an entity. This distinction is not always made in the vernacular of common speech among practitioners. In the interest of smooth sentence flow I will use the word entity at times in this book to mean either entity or entity type. The context of the sentence should make it clear what I mean. This disclaimer also applies to my use of the words attribute versus attribute type, and relationship versus relationship type.
The distinction is more clear in object-oriented design where we have entirely different words to distinguish between a class and an object. Objects are the instances that exist at runtime (e.g., Bob). Classes are the templates from which the objects are wrought (e.g., Customer). Since class can have different meanings in our language, I will sometimes use the term object class instead of simply class to make it clear that I am referring to an object-oriented construct.
Most helpful customer reviews
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Easy to read, easy to learn, truly practical techniques.
By Mary Niva nivam@gte.net
This book is exactly what the title says. It's the best book I've ever read about analysis and design techniques for building systems quickly and effectively. The techniques Dave teaches in this book include how to scope the project, define context, event, information, database design and architecture models, prototype, and design interfaces and internal components. What is just as important, Dave tells us how these techniques relate to and impact one another, and how they each fit into the emerging picture of the complete system. Dave also puts today's methods into historical perspective to provide some "Ah ha's" as to how we got to where we are today in systems design.
Dave writes in a terse, easy-to-read, plain English style. All jargon, theories and concepts are explained in a simple, straightforward words, emphasizing their practical use. I've been studying this stuff for years, and Dave has written the clearest explanation of event modeling I've ever read. Humorous examples and analogies are used to lighten up abstract concepts. The "Chicken Crossing the Road" example used to explain associative entities is unforgettable. Lots of delightful cartoons, diagrams, screens and models drawn by the author also underscore important points and keep the pace moving from cover to cover.
As an instructor, I would highly recommend using this as a text in systems analysis and design courses. Each chapter concludes with a quiz and there is case study that brings all the tools and techniques together in a system design for a veterinary practice.
If you're reviewing system design techniques or learning them for the first time, Dave's concise descriptions and humor will keep you engaged and moving along at a rapid pace.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Platform independent, plain english, and complete - buy it.
By A Customer
I have read this book three times, and each I learn something new. It is nice to have a book that is independent of any development platform, and in PLAIN ENGLISH to boot. This book is more valuable than the course I had taken in college.
This book is for people who want to be productive. It is not for people who like sitting in all day meetings trying to come up with the CUTEST idea.
To get a straight forward answer on associative entities/relationships was like a breath of fresh air. I was told once that you should never have to use association tables. You should maintain the integrity of the database via code - yeah right.
I have recommended this book to every developer I know. This book should purge your mind of every piece of useless information that anyone has ever told you on how to approach building and designing applications.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
One of the best book I ever read
By A Customer
Easy to read and understand. Good and practical methodology. Cover most essential parts of Software Analysis and Design.
I agree with every words that printed on the back cover i.e. the analysis and design techniques that really work.
See all 6 customer reviews...
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